I. An Introduction to Life on Earth (Chapter 1, 18)

    A. What is the Science of Biology? (Ch. 1, Section 3: p. 8-12)

                    1. Applied vs. Pure Science, Limitations, Morality (not in text)

                    2. Scientific Principles Underlie All Scientific Inquiry

                    3. The Scientific Method

    B. The Diversity of Life

                    1. How Do Scientists Categorize the Diversity of Life? (Ch. 1, Sec. 2: p.6-8)

                    2. How Are Organisms Named and Classified? (Ch. 18, Section 1: p.351-354)

                    3. What Are the Kingdoms of Life? (Ch. 18, Section 2: p.354-357)

    C. Characteristics of Living Things (Ch. 1, Section 1: p.2-6)

II. Evolution (Chapter 1, 14, 15)

    A. Evolution: The Unifying Theory of Biology (Ch.1, Section 4: p.12-13)

    B. How Did Evolutionary Thought Evolve? (Ch. 14, Section 1: p.270-276)

                    1. How Does Natural Selection Work? (Ch. 15, Section 3: p.296)

                    2. A Variety of Processes Can Cause Natural Selection (Ch.15, Sec.3: p.298)

                    3. Competition for Resources (Ch. 15, Sec. 3: p. 299)

    C. How Do We Know that Evolution Has Occurred? (Ch. 14, Sec. 2: p.276-279)

    D. What Is The Evidence That Populations Evolve? (Ch. 14. Sec. 3: p.279-282)

III. Atoms, Molecules and Life-Basic Chemistry (Chapter 2)

    A. What Are Atoms? (Ch. 2, Section 1: p.21-24)

    B. How Do Atoms Interact to Form Molecules? (Ch.2, Section 2: p.24-27)

    C. Why is Water So Important to Life? (Ch. 2, Section 3: p.27-32)

    D. Water Can Form H+ and OH- Ions (Acids, Bases, Buffers) (Ch.2, p.30-31)

IV. Biological Molecules-Organic Chemistry (Chapter 3, 6, 29)

    A. Why is Carbon So Important? (Ch. 3, Section 1: p.38-39)

    B. How Are Organic Molecules Synthesized? (Ch. 3, Section 2: p.39)

    C. What Are Carbohydrates? (Ch. 3, Section 3: p.39-43)

    D. What Are Lipids? (Ch. 3, Section 4: p.43-45; Health Watch: p.46)

    E. What Nutrients Do Animals Need? (Ch.29, Section 1: p.584-588)

    F. What Are Nucleic Acids? (Ch. 3, Section 6: p.51-52)

              1. ATP is the Principal Energy Carrier (Ch. 6, Sec. 3: p.103-104)

              2. Electron Carriers Transport Energy (Ch. 6, Sec. 3: p.105)

    G. What Are Proteins? (Ch. 3, Section 5, p.45-51; Case Study: p.53)

    H. How Do Cells Control Their Metabolic Reactions? (Ch. 6, Sec. 4:p.105-109)

V. Labs:Scientific Method; pH: Acids, Bases, and Buffers; Molecular Models; Chemical Composition; Enzymes: Amylase in saliva; Catalase in liver.

VI. Assignments: 1. Keep a one-week food journal. Include all items ingested, approximate amounts, time and date of consumption. Include information on food advertisements from TV, magazines or newspapers you read. Cut nutritional labels from products used for the week.

   2. Possible: 24 hour activity chart and metabolic requirements.
 
 

BIO 121 Unit One Objectives: Chapters 1, 2, 3, 14 sections from 6,15,18, 29

Objectives Chapters: 1, 14, 15, 18 -An Introduction to Life on Earth - 

Basic Biological Concepts 

1. Discuss applied vs. pure science, the limitations and morality of science.

2. List and explain the authors' three "assumptions" underlying scientific inquiry: natural causality, uniformity in time and space, common perception.

3. Using Redi's experiment, explain a controlled experiment.

4. List steps in the scientific method and apply them to investigating a sample scientific problem.

5. Define scientific theory, principle (natural law) and give examples of each.

6. List in sequence and briefly describe each of the levels of biological organization.

7. Describe the classification system. Define binomial nomenclature.

8. List and describe features that characterize living things.

9. Define mutation, adaptation. List types and examples of adaptation, including anatomical (morphological), physiological, and behavioral.

10. Give a brief history of the pre-Darwin ideation and some factors that influenced Darwin's life.

11. List the observations and inferences upon which the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection is based.

12. List evidence to support the Theory of Evolution.

Objectives Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Life- Basic Chemistry

1.Define: atom, element, atomic number, atomic mass, molecular mass and isotope.

2.Describe the properties and roles of electrons, protons, and neutrons in determining atomic structure and reactivity.

3.List the chemical elements important in living things. Identify their importance. Be able to use the information on a periodic table.

4.Define: electron orbital. Relate orbitals to energy levels. Relate the number of valence electrons to the chemical properties of the elements.

5.Diagram each of the biologically important atoms using the Bohr model and electron dot configuration.

6.Define: molecule, compound, molecular formula, chemical formula, chemical bond, and chemical reaction.

7.Define ion, cation and anion. Give examples. Describe their biological importance.

8.Define ionic compounds. Give characteristics and examples.

9.Distinguish between and apply the terms oxidation and reduction.

10.Define covalent bonds, covalent compounds, both non-polar and polar

11.Describe hydrogen bond and its biological significance.

12.Discuss the properties of water molecules and their importance in living things.

13.Define and discuss the properties of acids and bases. Include examples both inorganic and organic for each.

14.Use the pH scale in describing the hydrogen ion concentration in living systems.

15.Define and describe how buffers help to minimize changes in pH.

16.Explain why salts are important in living organisms.

17.Define, give examples and discuss the importance of electrolytes.

Objectives Chapter: 3, 6, 29Biological Molecules - Organic Chemistry

1. Briefly describe Stanley Miller's experiment and its importance.

2. Compare organic and inorganic. Describe the properties of carbon that make it the central component of organic compounds.

3. Distinguish among the types of isomers.

4. Define functional group. List some major functional groups.

5. Describe the biochemical reactions: (a) synthesis: dehydration synthesis / condensation reaction and (b) degradative or cleavage: hydrolysis / digestion. Use the terms monomer, polymer, metabolism-catabolism and anabolism.

6.Compare the major groups of organic compounds: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids with respect to their elemental composition and function. Be able to identify drawn structures. (Chart p.40)

7. Define, describe structure and functions, and give examples of: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides.

8. Define, describe the structure and function, and give examples of: neutral fats (unsaturated, saturated, polyunsaturated), phospholipids, waxes, and steroids.

9.Describe cholesterol structure. List its functions and importance. Describe the current health concerns related to cholesterol. List foods with high cholesterol content. Define and describe the importance of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL). Describe familial hypercholesterolemia.

10. List the fat-soluble vitamins, their biologic importance and foods containing each.

11. List water-soluble vitamins and their biologic importance.

12. Define mineral. List some examples and their biologic importance.

13. Define, describe the chemical structure and function of nucleotides and nucleic acids. Specifically: DNA, RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA), ATP, NAD, FAD, NADP.

14. Describe the chemical structure, function/importance and examples of proteins. Identify amino acid monomers by structure. Draw the formation of a peptide bond.

15. Outline the levels of organization of protein molecules. Define denaturation.

16. List the functions of enzymes and describe how they work. Include the terms: active site, substrate, regulatory site, enzyme-substrate complex, product, lock and key / induced fit models. List factors influencing enzyme activity.

17. Describe how pH and temperature influence enzyme activity.

18. List and explain the importance of enzyme helpers-coenzymes, cofactors.

19. Define allosteric regulation, competitive inhibition and give examples.

20. Coordinate with the labs on amylase and catalase and describe the reactions.

Terms to be Defined Unit One

ORGANISM

BIOLOGY

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

OBSERVATIONS

EXPERIMENTATION

HYPOTHESIS

EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE

DEPENDENT VARIABLE

EXPERIMENTAL GROUP

CONTROL GROUP

PREDICTION

REASONING: INDUCTIVE

REASONING: DEDUCTIVE

SAMPLING ERROR

THEORY

PRINCIPLE / LAW

METABOLISM

CATABOLISM

ANABOLISM

HOMEOSTASIS

MUTATION

ADAPTATION

SELECTIVE PRESSURE

EVOLUTION

NATURAL SELECTION

CHEMICAL

ELEMENT

ATOM

PROTON

NEUTRON

ELECTRON

MOLECULE

COMPOUND

ISOTOPE

ATOMIC NUMBER

ATOMIC WEIGHT

MOLECULAR FORMULA

STRUCTURAL FORMULA

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

CHEMICAL REACTION

REACTANTS

PRODUCTS

ELECTRON ORBITALS (SHELLS)

ELECTRON LEVELS

IONIC BOND

OXIDATION

REDUCTION

ANION

CATION

VALENCE

COVALENT BOND

ELECTRONEGATIVE

POLAR COVALENT BOND

NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND

HYDROGEN BOND

ADHESION

COHESION

SURFACE TENSION

HYDROPHILIC

HYDROPHOBIC

SOLUTE

SOLVENT

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

DISSOCIATE

pH

SALT

ACID

BASE

BUFFER

ORGANIC MOLECULE

MONOMER

POLYMER (MACROMOLECULE)

CARBOHYDRATE

LIPIDS

NUCLEIC ACIDS

PROTEINS

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

CARBOXYL GROUP

AMINE GROUP

HYDROXYL GROUP

CONDENSATION REACTION

HYDROLYSIS REACTION

MONOSACCHARIDES

DISACCHARIDE

POLYSACCHARIDE

GLYCOGEN

STARCH

AMYLOSE

AMYLOPECTIN

CELLULOSE

FATTY ACID

SATURATED FATTY ACID

UNSATURATED FATTY ACID

WAX

STEROLS

HYDROPHILIC

HYDROPHOBIC

PHOSPHOLIPID

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

RIBONUCLEIC ACID

NUCLEOTIDES

RIBOSE

DEOXYRIBOSE

ATP

AMINO ACIDS

PEPTIDE BOND

DIPEPTIDE

POLYPEPTIDE

PROTEIN PRIMARY STRUCTURE

PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE

PROTEIN TERTIARY STRUCTURE

PROTEIN QUATERNARY STRUCTURE

DISULFIDE BOND

ENZYME

CATALYST

SUBSTRATE

ENERGY OF ACTIVATION

ACTIVE SITE

COENZYME

COFACTOR

COMPETITIVE INHIBITORS

NONCOMPETITIVE INHIBITORS

ALLOSTERIC ENZYMES

REGULATORY SITE

DENATURATION

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