1.  Explain the First Cause Argument.  Explain Russell’s objections to the first cause argument.

2.  Explain the Natural Law Argument.  Explain Russell’s objections to the Natural Law Argument.

3.  Explain the Argument from design.  Explain Russell’s objections to the Argument frm Design.

4.  Explain the moral arguments for the existence of God (the Moral Arguments for Deity).  Explain Russell’s objections to the arguments.

5.  Explain the Argument for Remedying of Injustice.  Explain Russell’s objections to the argument.

6.  In class I mentioned three questions that any ‘appeal to God’ to establish absolute moral principles must answer.  What were these three questions?

7.  The author of the web essay distinguishes between the psychological sense and the logical sense in which ethics might be understood to be based on the commands of God.  Explain these different notions in a way that makes the differences beween them clear.

8.   The author of the web essay describes three different logical senses in which ethics can be understood to be based on the commands of God (the three versions of the Divine Command theory).  Explain the two senses (versions) that were discussed in class making sure to make the differences between the two senses clear.

9.  In the context of explaining the first of the three logical senses in which ethics is based on God’s commands, the author mentions two questions that must be addressed.  What are these two questions?  Why must these questions be addressed?

10.  Explain the objections that are raised against each of the two versions of the Divine command theory that we discussed in class.  (you are not responsible for what the author of the essay on the web entitled ‘Theories of Objective Ethics’ calls the third version).

11.  Explain why one cannot argue that “God would never do this, for He is a loving God” against the arbitrariness of God’s commands when it is suggested that He might have commanded that we steal, lie, dishonor your father and mother, etc.,...

12.  Russell says that most people do not believe in God because of some intellectual argument.  He then offers the two reasons that he thinks explain why most people who do believe, believe.  What are these two reasons?  Do you agree with Russell on this point?  Explain your answer.

13. The author of the web essay says, ‘The second question serves to point out that, according to the first version of the divine command theory, God serves only as a reliable conveyor of ethical truth but not the ultimate source of ethical truth. This view shows that the version of the divine command theory cannot provide a satisfactory answer to the question about the justification of moral truth. Appealing to God as an omniscient knower of ethical truth is not the same thing as appealing to God as the ultimate ground of moral truth.’  Explain how this question is related to Stace’s discussion of the stronger argument for ethical relativism.

14.   In which argument does the question, ‘Who made God/where does God come from?’ naturally arise?  Explain how this question comes up in discussion this argument.

15.   In class we addressed the question, ‘Why does God get to make the rules?’.  Explain how this question arises in the context of establishing objective moral truths and explain the difficulties with the claim that God gets to make the rules.